3 Critical Reasons Your Printer Manual Can Help You Keep Your Sanity

As with any household appliance or piece of electronics, your printer's manual is your guide to its usage. A good manual will include all the knowledge you require to remember to maintain your printer and keep it functioning well; which includes setup, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Attributable to the extensive diversity of printers that are available for both commercial and personal usage, the directions included may differ widely. This article is primarily interested with those printers employed for small business applications or personal use .

Setup

The printer will initially need to be connected to a wall outlet, either to a power socket or other power source and to the computer it will be used with. Many current printers utilize either a parallel port or a USB port, your printer manual should state which one it is. Then you will have to install the printer driver, which is a software application that converts data from other software programs into a language the printer comprehends. This should be included with the printer, and the printer's manual will include directions for its installment.

Maintenance

With the exclusion of refilling the paper, for contemporary printers the most general maintenance required is replacing the ink cartridge. Your printer manual should have information on not simply the method of doing this, just the particular type of ink cartridge required. This is really significant, as various brands and models may employ completely different cartridges that are not compatible with any separate brand or model. Apart from substituting ink and paper the majority of modern printers are very low maintenance, quite a few even have a self-cleaning operation. They should need no other attention unless something else starts to fail

Troubleshooting

Printer manuals frequently incorporate a chapter exclusively dedicated to common difficulties with the computer's use. Numerous times the trouble with a printer is a minor thing that the user has missed, and can be quickly corrected. It may be that the user has triggered an option of the printer unintentionally and does not recognize how to turn it off, or some other similar, easily rectified problem.

Nevertheless, sometimes there are bigger difficulties with the printer, or merely something not included in the troubleshooting section of the printer's manual. For these occurrences, the manual should have information on who to contact. Frequently, the company that manufactured the printer will have service men on staff who can assist you over the phone to solve the problem, or direct you to an individual who can fix it.

Listen to Korbin Newlyn as he shares his insights as an expert author and an avid writer in the field of electronics. If you would like to learn more go to Commercial Printer advice and at HP Laser Printer tips.

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What's The Relationship Between Bandwidth And Latency?

So what's is the relationship between bandwidth and latency? If your internet connection speed has the proper bandwidth, why does latency slow it down? Or does it? Just how exactly does latency affect your internet? These are just some of the common questions asked......what follows is some answers in both technical and layman's terms.

Latency is the time it takes your data (packets) to get from point A (your house/modem) to point B ( the destination). Latency happens because of each of the "stops" your data has to make on the way to point B. These stops, called hops, are the different routers and in some cases servers across the internet that handles and routes traffic accordingly. The more hops that get added into the route of your data, the higher your latency will become. The farther away point B is, typically higher latency is experienced, simply because there is more distance and hops encountered. Also, each of these hops can also become busy so to speak, therefore the busier they get the more time it will take them to respond to your traffic requests, hence higher latency.

Most file transfer over the Internet uses TCP/IP. The receiver constantly sends messages back to the sender (ACKS) letting it know all is will or if not which packets need to be resent. If the channel has high latency this reverse communication take too long causing transmitter to stop sending until ACKS are received.

TCP also has a slow start mechanism. The sender has no idea of end-to-end channel capability. A slow start is designed to prevent overwhelming intermediate slower links.

Esentially, your bandwidth is the speed between you and your ISP, anything outside that, your ISP has no control over.

Actually, latency may or may not be an issue. Because latency is the delay between getting information from point A to B, it's much more of an issue in interactive applications then large transfers.

With large transfers, if your bandwidth is sufficient, reliable, and properly configured, you won't notice much of a latency issue with high latency connections. Once the "pipe is primed", the data is flowing at full speed. As long as the ACK packets are returned at a regular interval frequent enough that retransmissions don't occur, the flow will be steady and the only delay is really just during the initial startup of the transfer.

However, with interactive applications, that initial delay is what really can kill you. While it's exaggerated, say you have a 1 second latency and sending a packet takes 1 second. If you are sending a file that's 10 packets long, your total connection time is 11 seconds. If you are sending a single packet and waiting for a response back of a single packet, and you do this twice, your total connection time will be 8 seconds but yet you only sent 40% as much traffic.

Web traffic is kind of in between the two. It's not typically a large transfer, but it's not highly interactive like a online game. Typical page traffic is short bursts of requests (high latency) followed by longer periods of inactivity while you look at the page. There are a few tricks that can be done to help reduce this as an issue. There are proxy servers and pre-fetch utilities that will "preload" the page for you. During that time where you are looking at the page and your connection is setting idle, the prefetcher can download pages that the current one is linked to. When you request one, hopefully the page has been cached and can be displayed much quicker. If not, you are no worse off then having to wait for it to be loaded. This can work good for more static pages but if you are looking for something for dynamic pages (e.g. Google Maps), a prefetcher doesn't work as well or at all. Also, checking to see if your browser is using the appropriate number of connections can improve things.

The bottom line is there is a relationship between bandwidth and latency. But it may or may not be an issue.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

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What's The Relationship Between Bandwidth And Latency?

So what's is the relationship between bandwidth and latency? If your internet connection speed has the proper bandwidth, why does latency slow it down? Or does it? Just how exactly does latency affect your internet? These are just some of the common questions asked......what follows is some answers in both technical and layman's terms.

Latency is the time it takes your data (packets) to get from point A (your house/modem) to point B ( the destination). Latency happens because of each of the "stops" your data has to make on the way to point B. These stops, called hops, are the different routers and in some cases servers across the internet that handles and routes traffic accordingly. The more hops that get added into the route of your data, the higher your latency will become. The farther away point B is, typically higher latency is experienced, simply because there is more distance and hops encountered. Also, each of these hops can also become busy so to speak, therefore the busier they get the more time it will take them to respond to your traffic requests, hence higher latency.

Most file transfer over the Internet uses TCP/IP. The receiver constantly sends messages back to the sender (ACKS) letting it know all is will or if not which packets need to be resent. If the channel has high latency this reverse communication take too long causing transmitter to stop sending until ACKS are received.

TCP also has a slow start mechanism. The sender has no idea of end-to-end channel capability. A slow start is designed to prevent overwhelming intermediate slower links.

Esentially, your bandwidth is the speed between you and your ISP, anything outside that, your ISP has no control over.

Actually, latency may or may not be an issue. Because latency is the delay between getting information from point A to B, it's much more of an issue in interactive applications then large transfers.

With large transfers, if your bandwidth is sufficient, reliable, and properly configured, you won't notice much of a latency issue with high latency connections. Once the "pipe is primed", the data is flowing at full speed. As long as the ACK packets are returned at a regular interval frequent enough that retransmissions don't occur, the flow will be steady and the only delay is really just during the initial startup of the transfer.

However, with interactive applications, that initial delay is what really can kill you. While it's exaggerated, say you have a 1 second latency and sending a packet takes 1 second. If you are sending a file that's 10 packets long, your total connection time is 11 seconds. If you are sending a single packet and waiting for a response back of a single packet, and you do this twice, your total connection time will be 8 seconds but yet you only sent 40% as much traffic.

Web traffic is kind of in between the two. It's not typically a large transfer, but it's not highly interactive like a online game. Typical page traffic is short bursts of requests (high latency) followed by longer periods of inactivity while you look at the page. There are a few tricks that can be done to help reduce this as an issue. There are proxy servers and pre-fetch utilities that will "preload" the page for you. During that time where you are looking at the page and your connection is setting idle, the prefetcher can download pages that the current one is linked to. When you request one, hopefully the page has been cached and can be displayed much quicker. If not, you are no worse off then having to wait for it to be loaded. This can work good for more static pages but if you are looking for something for dynamic pages (e.g. Google Maps), a prefetcher doesn't work as well or at all. Also, checking to see if your browser is using the appropriate number of connections can improve things.

The bottom line is there is a relationship between bandwidth and latency. But it may or may not be an issue.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

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